World's Better Half

  Let us begin this journey into decision making by starting from the comfort of deterministic models and gradually stepping into the uncertainty of stochastic ones. A deterministic model is one where the outcome is completely predictable — the same input always produces the same output, like the mathematical fact that 2 + 2 equals 4. A stochastic model, on the other hand, involves randomness; rolling a die, for example, can yield any value from one to six. The goal of this discussion is to build the foundations for understanding decision making under uncertainty . At the heart of this problem lies a simple loop: an agent observes an environment and then takes an action based on what it observed. This is known as the observe–act cycle . Although this loop appears simple, each component (Environment, Agent, Observation, Action) is filled with uncertainty: The effects of our actions are uncertain The true state of the environment is uncertain The behavior ...

📖 About Surah Al-Baqarah (Page 24) In Page 24 , the Quran provides a powerful framework for handling adversity. It reminds us that those slain in the path of Allah are not dead, but alive in a way we cannot perceive. It also lists the trials believers should expect—fear, hunger, and loss of wealth or life—and gives the famous response of the patient: "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un." Additionally, it establishes Safa and Marwa as symbols of Allah and emphasizes the Oneness of God (Tawhid). 🕌 Arabic Text (Page 24) 🌍 English Translation (Sahih International) 154. And do not say about those who are killed in the way of Allah, "They are dead." Rather, they are alive, but you perceive [it] not. 155. And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient. 156. Who, when disaster strikes them, say, "Indeed we belong to Allah,...