World's Better Half

📖 About Surah Al-Baqarah (Page 31) Page 31 continues the guidance on Hajj, specifically focusing on the etiquette during the pilgrimage—forbidding ill speech and disputes. It highlights the transition from Arafat to Al-Mash'ar al-Haram (Muzdalifah). Most significantly, it teaches us the most comprehensive supplication (Dua) a believer can make, asking for Hasanah (goodness) in both this world and the next. 🕌 Arabic Text (Page 31) 🌍 English Translation (Sahih International) Verse 197: Hajj is [during] well-known months, so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of ihram], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj... And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is fear of Allah. Verse 198: There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord [during Hajj]. But when you depart from 'Arafat, remember Allah at al-Mash'ar a...

📖 About Surah Al-Baqarah (Page 30) Page 30 addresses the complexities of justice and worship. It outlines the conditions under which fighting is stopped—namely, when there is no more persecution—and reinforces the Sanctity of the Sacred Months . The page then transitions into the detailed regulations of Hajj (Pilgrimage) , instructing believers on what to do if they are prevented from completing the rites and reminding them to take adequate provisions, the greatest of which is God-consciousness. 🕌 Arabic Text (Page 30) 🌍 English Translation (Sahih International) Verse 191: And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from where they have expelled you, and fitnah (persecution) is worse than killing... Verse 193: Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah and [until] worship is [acknowledged to be] for Allah. But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression except against the oppressors. Verse 195: An...

Architectural Benchmarks 2026 The "Reasoning Ceiling": Why 8B is the Minimum Viable Scale for Future-Ready AI Architectures Benchmarking Qwen3 1.7B, 4B, and 8B on Structured Agent Skill Reliability. As we transition into Future-Ready Architectures , the "Monolithic Chatbot" is dying. It is being replaced by Agentic Workflows —specialized, modular units that use "Skills" to interact with structured data. In this new paradigm, the primary currency isn't just speed; it is Reliability. But there is a silent killer in these architectures: Instruction Collapse. I pitted the Qwen3 family against a production-grade JSON routing task. The results prove that while ultra-small models are cost-efficient, they lack the cognitive budget for structured autonomy. The Core Discovery: Reasoning and JSON discipline do not scale linearly. The jump from 4B to 8B isn’t just an incremental improvement; it is a fundamental shift from "Silent...

📖 About Surah Al-Baqarah (Page 29) Page 29 provides clarity on the boundaries of the fast, specifically the permission for intimacy during the nights of Ramadan and the timing for beginning and breaking the fast. The page also contains a stern prohibition against consuming the property of others through bribery or injustice. Finally, it shifts toward the principles of self-defense , commanding believers to fight only those who fight them and never to be the aggressors. 🕌 Arabic Text (Page 29) 🌍 English Translation (Sahih International) Verse 187: It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]... And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the sunset... Verse 188: And do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they mi...

📖 About Surah Al-Baqarah (Page 28) Page 28 is beloved by many as it contains the verses of Ramadan . It explains that fasting was prescribed for us just as it was for those before us, with the ultimate goal of attaining Taqwa (God-consciousness). This page also highlights the Quran's revelation in Ramadan and ends with one of the most intimate verses in the Quran—where Allah promises that He is near and responds to the caller whenever they call upon Him. 🕌 Arabic Text (Page 28) 🌍 English Translation (Sahih International) Verse 183: O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous. Verse 184: [Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of other days [must be fasted]... Verse 185: The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance f...

Foundations of Algorithmic Decision Making Representation for Probabilistic Reasoning Uncertainty is everywhere. Even systems governed by precise physical laws — like satellite trajectories — can drift because small imprecisions compound over time. Measurements contain noise. Sensors fail. Humans behave unpredictably. A decision-making system that ignores uncertainty is fragile. One that models it explicitly becomes powerful. Probability gives us a structured language for representing uncertainty and reasoning under it.    1. Degrees of Belief Probability can be interpreted as a degree of belief — a numerical way of expressing how plausible we think a proposition is. $$ A \succ B \quad \text{or} \quad P(A) > P(B) $$ To behave rationally, our beliefs must follow two core assumptions: Universal Comparability — Any two events can be ranked. Transitivity — If $$ A \succeq B $$ and $$ B \succeq C $$, then $$ A \succeq C $$. ...